The immune landscape of neuroblastoma: Challenges and opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies in pediatric oncology

نویسندگان

چکیده

Immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of pediatric cancers. In neuroblastoma, recent implementation anti-GD2 antibody Dinutuximab into standard care has improved patient outcomes substantially. However, 5-year survival rates are still below 50% in patients with high-risk which sparked investigations novel immunotherapeutic approaches. T cell-engaging therapies such as immune checkpoint blockade, antibody-mediated therapy and adoptive cell have proven remarkably successful a range adult cancers but meet challenges oncology. their limited success may be due to several factors. Neuroblastoma displays low immunogenicity its mutational load lack MHC-I expression. Tumour infiltration by NK cells is especially neuroblastoma prognostic survival. Only small fraction tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes shows tumour reactivity. Moreover, tumours employ variety evasion strategies, including expression molecules, induction immunosuppressive myeloid stromal cells, well secretion immunoregulatory mediators, reduce reactivity cells. Overcoming these will key interventions. Combining different immunotherapies, personalised promising We discuss composition, function value (TIL) reflect on immunotherapy, TIL highlight opportunities immunotherapy future perspectives regard state-of-the-art developments immunology space.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: European Journal of Cancer

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['0959-8049', '1879-0852']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.014